![]() ![]() Modernisation theory presents the process of modernisation as the cause of nationalism. In Thought and Change (1964), Ernest Gellner explores and outlines his understanding of modernism as the main cause of nationalism. In this book, the sword refers to the hunter-gatherer stage, the plough to the agricultural stage, and lastly, the book to the industrial or modern stage. His 1989 book Sword, Plough, and Book was an analysis of how societies develop. This resulted in Muslim Society, published in 1981. 2 Sheep herder family living in caves in the Atlas Mountains in MoroccoThis was followed by several more field trips to Morocco to study Islamic societies. ![]() This would produce the 1969 book Saints of the Atlas, where he studied and analysed tribal Moroccan society, and how they worked despite the lack of an organised state.įig. In 1954, a climbing trip with the LSE mountaineering society turned into the beginning of a field study for Gellner's Ph.D. In his 1959 book, Words and Things, he criticised the philosophers John Langshaw Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein for not questioning their own methods. ![]()
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